1. Selelekela

Zinc telluride (ZnTe) ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa sehlopha sa II-VI sa semiconductor se nang le sebopeho se tobileng sa bandgap. Ka mocheso oa kamore, bandgap ea eona e ka ba 2.26eV, 'me e fumana lisebelisoa tse pharaletseng ho lisebelisoa tsa optoelectronic, lisele tsa letsatsi, lisebelisoa tsa mahlaseli a kotsi le likarolo tse ling. Sehlooho sena se tla fana ka kenyelletso e qaqileng ea mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea ho kopanya zinc telluride, ho kenyelletsa le karabelo e tiileng ea boemo, ho tsamaisa mouoane, mekhoa e thehiloeng ho tharollo, molecular beam epitaxy, joalo-joalo Mokhoa o mong le o mong o tla hlalosoa ka ho feletseng ho latela melao-motheo, mekhoa, melemo le melemo, le lintlha tsa bohlokoa.

2. Mokhoa o tiileng oa ho itšoara ka naha bakeng sa Synthesis ea ZnTe

2.1 Molao-motheo

Mokhoa o tiileng oa boemo ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa oa ho lokisa zinc telluride, moo zinc le tellurium li sebetsang ka ho toba mochesong o phahameng ho theha ZnTe:

Zn + Te → ZnTe

2.2 Mokhoa o Felletseng

2.2.1 Tokisetso ea lintho tse tala

1. Khetho ea lintho tse bonahalang: Sebelisa li-granules tsa zinki tse hloekileng haholo le maqeba a tellurium ka bohloeki ≥99.999% e le lisebelisoa tsa ho qala.
2. Phekolo ea Lintho Pele:
   • Kalafo ea zinki: Qala ka ho inela ka har'a dilute hydrochloric acid (5%) motsotso o le mong ho tlosa li-oxide tsa holim'a metsi, hlatsoa ka metsi a hloekisitsoeng, hlatsoa ka ethanol ea anhydrous, 'me qetellong u omelle ka ontong ea vacuum ka 60 ° C ka lihora tse peli.
   • Kalafo ea Tellurium: Qala ka ho qoelisa ka aqua regia (HNO₃:HCl=1:3) bakeng sa metsotsoana ea 30 ho tlosa li-oxide tsa holim'a metsi, hlatsoa ka metsi a hloekisitsoeng ho fihlela u sa nke lehlakore, u hlatsoe ka ethanol ea anhydrous, 'me qetellong u omelle ka ontong ea vacuum ka 80 ° C bakeng sa lihora tse 3.
3. Bekha: Kala thepa e tala ka tekanyo ea stoichiometric (Zn:Te=1:1). Ha ho nahanoa ka ho fetoha ha zinki ho ka bang teng mochesong o phahameng, ho ka eketsoa ho feteletseng ka 2-3%.

2.2.2 Ho Kopanya Lintho

1. Ho sila le ho Kopanya: Beha zinki e lekantsoeng le tellurium ka har'a seretse sa agate ebe u sila metsotso e 30 ka lebokoseng la li-glove le tletseng argon ho fihlela li kopane ka mokhoa o ts'oanang.
2. Pelletizing: Beha phofo e tsoakiloeng ka har'a hlobo 'me u hatelle ka har'a li-pellets tse nang le bophara ba 10-20mm tlas'a khatello ea 10-15MPa.

2.2.3 Tokisetso ea Sejana sa Reaction

1. Kalafo ea Quartz Tube: Khetha li-tubes tsa quartz tse hloekileng haholo (ka hare ho bophara ba 20-30mm, botenya ba lebota 2-3mm), qala ka ho inela ka har'a aqua regia ka lihora tse 24, u hlatsoe hantle ka metsi a hloekisitsoeng, 'me u omelle ka ontong ea 120 ° C.
2. Pholoso: Beha li-pellets tse tala ka har'a tube ea quartz, hokela ho vacuum system, 'me u fallele ho ≤10⁻³Pa.
3. Ho tiisa: Koahela tube ea quartz u sebelisa lelakabe la haedrojene-oksijene, ho netefatsa bolelele ba tiiso ≥50mm bakeng sa ho thibela moea.

2.2.4 Boitšoaro ba Mocheso o Phahameng

1. Mothati oa Pele oa ho futhumatsa: Beha tube e tiisitsoeng ea quartz ka sebōping sa tube le mocheso ho 400 ° C ka tekanyo ea 2-3 ° C / min, ho tšoara lihora tsa 12 ho lumella ho itšoara ha pele pakeng tsa zinc le tellurium.
2. Mohato oa Bobeli oa ho Futhumala: Tsoela pele ho futhumatsa ho 950-1050 ° C (ka tlase ho quartz softening point ea 1100 ° C) ho 1-2 ° C / min, ho tšoara lihora tse 24-48.
3. Tube Rocking: Nakong ea mocheso o phahameng, sekamisa sebōpi ho 45° ka mor'a lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 2 'me u reke ka makhetlo a mangata ho etsa bonnete ba hore metsoako e kopanyang hantle.
4. Pholiso: Kamora ho phethoa ha karabelo, phola butle ho mocheso oa kamore ho 0.5-1 ° C/min ho thibela ho phatloha ha sampole ka lebaka la khatello ea mocheso.

2.2.5 Ts'ebetso ea Lihlahisoa

1. Ho Tlosa Sehlahisoa: Bula tube ea quartz ka lebokoseng la li-glove 'me u tlose sehlahisoa sa karabelo.
2. Ho sila: Sila sehlahisoa hape hore e be phofo ho tlosa lisebelisoa tse sa sebetseng.
3. Annealing: Anneal phofo ka 600 ° C tlas'a sepakapaka sa argon bakeng sa lihora tsa 8 ho fokotsa khatello ea kelello ea ka hare le ho ntlafatsa kristale.
4. Sebopeho: Etsa XRD, SEM, EDS, joalo-joalo, ho netefatsa bohloeki ba karolo le lik'hemik'hale.

2.3 Ts'ebetso ea Paramethara ea Ts'ebetso

1. Taolo ea Mocheso: Mocheso o nepahetseng oa ho arabela ke 1000±20°C. Lithempereichara tse tlase li ka baka maikutlo a sa phethahalang, athe mocheso o phahameng o ka baka ho fetoha ha zinki.
2. Taolo ea Nako: Nako ea ho ts'oara e lokela ho ba lihora tse ≥24 ho netefatsa karabelo e felletseng.
3. Sekhahla sa ho Pholisa: Ho pholile butle (0.5-1 ° C / min) ho fana ka lijo-thollo tse khōloanyane tsa kristale.

2.4 Tlhahlobo ea Melemo le Mefokolo

Melemo:

• Mokhoa o bonolo, litlhoko tse tlase tsa thepa
• E loketse tlhahiso ea batch
• Bohloeki bo phahameng ba lihlahisoa

Mefokolo:

• Mocheso o phahameng oa karabelo, tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla
• Kabo ea boholo ba lijo-thollo tse sa tshwaneng
• E ka ba le lisebelisoa tse nyane tse sa sebetsaneng

3. Mokhoa oa Lipalangoang tsa Mouoane bakeng sa Synthesis ea ZnTe

3.1 Molao-motheo

Mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa mouoane o sebelisa khase e tsamaisang mouoane ho isa mouoane sebakeng sa mocheso o tlase bakeng sa ho beoa, ho fihlela kholo ea ZnTe ka ho laola likhahla tsa mocheso. Iodine hangata e sebelisoa e le moemeli oa lipalangoang:

ZnTe(li) + I₂(g) ⇌ ZnI₂(g) + 1/2Te₂(g)

3.2 Mokhoa o Felletseng

3.2.1 Tokisetso ea lintho tse tala

1. Khetho ea Boitsebiso: Sebelisa phofo e phahameng ea ZnTe (bohloeki ≥99.999%) kapa stoichiometrically e kopantsoeng le phofo ea Zn le Te.
2. Tokisetso ea Moemeli oa Lipalangoang: Likristale tse phahameng tsa iodine tse hloekileng (bohloeki ≥99.99%), tekanyo ea 5-10mg/cm³ reaction volume volume.
3. Kalafo ea Quartz Tube: Hoa tšoana le mokhoa o tiileng oa boemo, empa ho hlokahala li-tubes tse telele tsa quartz (300-400mm).

3.2.2 Tube Loading

1. Ho beoa ha Lintho: Beha phofo ea ZnTe kapa motsoako oa Zn + Te pheletsong e 'ngoe ea tube ea quartz.
2. Keketso ea Iodine: Eketsa likristale tsa iodine ho tube ea quartz ka lebokoseng la liatlana.
3. Pholoso: Tloha ho ≤10⁻³Pa.
4. Ho tiisa: Koahela ka lelakabe la hydrogen-oksijene, ho boloka tšupu e tšekaletse.

3.2.3 Tlhophiso ea Mocheso oa Gradient

1. Mocheso oa Sebaka se Chesang: Beha ho 850-900°C.
2. Mocheso oa Sebaka sa Cold: Beha ho 750-800°C.
3. Bolelele ba Sebaka sa Gradient: Hoo e ka bang 100-150mm.

3.2.4 Mokhoa oa Kholiso

1. Mothati oa Pele: Chesa ho 500 ° C ho 3 ° C / min, tšoara lihora tse 2 ho lumella maikutlo a pele pakeng tsa iodine le lisebelisoa tse tala.
2. Mohato oa Bobeli: Tsoela pele ho futhumatsa mocheso o behiloeng, boloka mocheso oa mocheso, 'me u hōle ka matsatsi a 7-14.
3. Pholiso: Ka mor'a hore khōlo e phethoe, pholile ho ea mocheso oa kamore ho 1 ° C / min.

3.2.5 Pokello ea Lihlahisoa

1. Ho buloa ha Tube: Bula tube ea quartz ka lebokoseng la liatlana.
2. Pokello: Bokella likristale tse le 'ngoe tsa ZnTe pheletsong e batang.
3. Ho hloekisa: Ho hloekisa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ka ethanol ea anhydrous bakeng sa metsotso ea 5 ho tlosa iodine e nang le adsorbed.

3.3 Lintlha tsa Taolo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Taolo ea Chelete ea Iodine: Khatiso ea iodine e ama sekhahla sa lipalangoang; tekanyo e nepahetseng ke 5-8mg/cm³.
2. Thempereichara Gradient: Boloka gradient ka har'a 50-100 ° C.
3. Nako ea Khōlo: Ka tloaelo matsatsi a 7-14, ho itšetlehile ka boholo bo lakatsehang ba kristale.

3.4 Tlhahlobo ea Melemo le Mefokolo

Melemo:

• Likristale tse le 'ngoe tsa boleng bo holimo li ka fumanoa
• Mefuta e meholo ea kristale
• Bohloeki bo phahameng

Mefokolo:

• Lipotoloho tse telele tsa kholo
• Litlhoko tse phahameng tsa thepa
• Kotulo e tlase

4. Mokhoa o Thehiloeng ka Tharollo bakeng sa ZnTe Nanomaterial Synthesis

4.1 Molao-motheo

Mekhoa e thehiloeng ho tharollo e laola karabelo ea pele ho tharollo ea ho lokisa li-nanoparticles tsa ZnTe kapa nanowires. Maikutlo a tloaelehileng ke:

Zn²⁺ + HTe⁻ + OH⁻ → ZnTe + H₂O

4.2 Mokhoa o Felletseng

4.2.1 Tokiso ea Reagent

1. Mohloli oa Zinc: Zinc acetate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O), bohloeki ≥99.99%.
2. Mohloli oa Tellurium: Tellurium dioxide (TeO₂), bohloeki ≥99.99%.
3. Moemeli oa ho Fokotsa: Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), bohloeki ≥98%.
4. Li-solvents: Metsi a senyehileng, ethylenediamine, ethanol.
5. Surfactant: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

4.2.2 Tellurium Precursor Preparation

1. Tokiso ea Tharollo: Hlakola 0.1mmol TeO₂ ka 20ml metsi a deionized.
2. Karabelo ea Phokotso: Eketsa 0.5mmol NaBH₄, tsosa ka matla ka metsotso e 30 ho hlahisa tharollo ea HTe⁻.
   TeO₂ + 3BH₄⁻ + 3H₂O → HTe⁻ + 3B(OH)₃ + 3H₂↑
3. Atmosphere e Sireletsang: Boloka phallo ea naetrojene hohle ho thibela oxidation.

4.2.3 ZnTe Nanoparticle Synthesis

1. Tokiso ea Tharollo ea Zinc: Hlakola 0.1mmol zinc acetate ka 30ml ethylenediamine.
2. Ho Kopanya Maikutlo: Eketsa butle-butle tharollo ea HTe⁻ ho tharollo ea zinki, itšoara ka 80 ° C bakeng sa lihora tse 6.
3. Centrifugation: Kamora karabelo, centrifuge ka 10,000rpm metsotso e 10 ho bokella sehlahisoa.
4. Ho hlatsoa: Ho hlatsoa ka mokhoa o mong ka ethanol le metsi a hloekisitsoeng ka makhetlo a mararo.
5. Ho omisa: Vacuum drying ka 60°C bakeng sa lihora tse 6.

4.2.4 Tlhahiso ea ZnTe Nanowire

1. Template Addition: Eketsa 0.2g CTAB ho tharollo ea zinki.
2. Hydrothermal Reaction: Fetisetsa tharollo e tsoakiloeng ho 50ml Teflon-lined autoclave, itšoara ka 180 ° C bakeng sa lihora tse 12.
3. Post-Processing: Hoa tšoana le ho nanoparticles.

4.3 Ts'ebetso ea Paramethara ea Ts'ebetso

1. Taolo ea Mocheso: 80-90 ° C bakeng sa nanoparticles, 180-200 ° C bakeng sa nanowires.
2. pH Boleng: Boloka pakeng tsa 9-11.
3. Nako ea karabelo: lihora tse 4-6 bakeng sa nanoparticles, lihora tse 12-24 bakeng sa nanowires.

4.4 Tlhahlobo ea Melemo le Mefokolo

Melemo:

• Boitšoaro bo tlase ba mocheso, ho boloka matla
• Sebopeho le boholo bo laolehang
• E loketse tlhahiso e kholo

Mefokolo:

• Lihlahisoa li kanna tsa ba le litšila
• E hloka ka mor'a ts'ebetso
• Boleng ba kristale bo tlase

5. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) bakeng sa Tokiso ea Filimi ea ZnTe Thin

5.1 Molao-motheo

MBE e holisa lifilimi tse tšesaane tsa kristale e le 'ngoe ea ZnTe ka ho tsamaisa maballo a limolek'hule tsa Zn le Te holim'a substrate e tlas'a maemo a phahameng a vacuum, e laolang ka nepo litekanyo tsa mocheso le mocheso oa substrate.

5.2 Mokhoa o Felletseng

5.2.1 Tokisetso ea Tsamaiso

1. Sistimi ea Vacuum: Vacuum ea motheo ≤1×10⁻⁸Pa.
2. Tokiso ea Mohloli:
   • Mohloli oa Zinc: zinki ea 6N e phahameng ea bohloeki ho BN crucible.
   • Mohloli oa Tellurium: 6N high-purity tellurium ho PBN crucible.
3. Tokiso ea Substrate:
   • GaAs(100) substrate e sebelisoang hangata.
   • Ho hloekisa substrate: Ho hloekisa motsoako oa lintho tse phelang → ho hloekisoa ha asiti → ho hlatsuoa ka metsi a ntšitsoeng → ho omisa naetrojene.

5.2.2 Mokhoa oa Kholiso

1. Substrate Outgassing: Bake ka 200 ° C bakeng sa hora e le 'ngoe ho tlosa li-adsorbates.
2. Ho Tlosa Oxide: Chesa ho 580 ° C, tšoara metsotso e 10 ho tlosa li-oxide tse ka holimo.
3. Khōlo ea Buffer Layer: Ho bata ho isa ho 300°C, holisa 10nm ZnTe buffer layer.
4. Kholo-kholo:
   • Mocheso oa substrate: 280-320°C.
   • Khatello e lekanang ea beam ea zinc: 1×10⁻⁶Tor.
   • Khatello e lekanang ea beam ea Tellurium: 2×10⁻⁶Torr.
   • Karolelano ea V / III e laoloang ho 1.5-2.0.
   • Sekhahla sa kholo: 0.5-1μm/h.
5. Annealing: Ka mor'a ho hōla, anneal ka 250 ° C metsotso e 30.

5.2.3 Tlhokomelo ea In-Situ

1. Tlhokomelo ea RHEED: Tlhokomelo ea nako ea 'nete ea kaho ea bokaholimo le mokhoa oa ho hola.
2. Mass Spectrometry: Lekola matla a lebone la molek'hule.
3. Infrared Thermometry: Taolo e nepahetseng ea mocheso oa substrate.

5.3 Lintlha tsa Taolo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Taolo ea Mocheso: Mocheso oa substrate o ama boleng ba kristale le morphology ea bokaholimo.
2. Beam Flux Ratio: Te/Zn karo-karolelano e ama mefuta ea bofokoli le ho tsepamisa maikutlo.
3. Sekhahla sa Khōlo: Litefiso tse tlase li ntlafatsa boleng ba kristale.

5.4 Tlhahlobo ea Melemo le Mefokolo

Melemo:

• Sebopeho se nepahetseng le taolo ea doping.
• Lifilimi tsa boleng bo holimo tsa kristale e le 'ngoe.
• Libaka tse bataletseng tsa atomo lia finyelloa.

Mefokolo:

• Thepa e turang.
• Litekanyetso tse fokolang tsa kholo.
• E hloka tsebo e tsoetseng pele ea ts'ebetso.

6. Mekhoa e meng ea ho Kopanya

6.1 Kemiso ea Mouoane oa Lik'hemik'hale (CVD)

1. Li-precursors: Diethylzinc (DEZn) le diisopropyltelluride (DIPTe).
2. Mocheso oa ho arabela: 400-500°C.
3. Carrier Gas: Naetrojene e hloekileng kapa hydrogen.
4. Khatello: Khatello ea sepakapaka kapa e tlase (10-100Torr).

6.2 Moea oa Mocheso

1. Boitsebiso ba Mohloli: Phofo e phahameng ea ZnTe.
2. Boemo ba Vacuum: ≤1×10⁻⁴Pa.
3. Mouwane Mocheso: 1000-1100°C.
4. Substrate Mocheso: 200-300°C.

7. Qetello

Ho na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho kopanya zinc telluride, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le melemo le mathata a eona. Solid-state reaction e loketse bakeng sa ho lokisoa ha lintho tse ngata, lipalangoang tsa mouoane li fana ka likristale tse le 'ngoe tsa boleng bo holimo, mekhoa ea tharollo e loketse li-nanomaterials,' me MBE e sebelisoa bakeng sa lifilimi tse tšesaane tsa boleng bo holimo. Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang li lokela ho khetha mokhoa o nepahetseng ho latela litlhoko, ka taolo e tiileng ea mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ho fumana lisebelisoa tsa ZnTe tse sebetsang hantle. Litaelo tsa nako e tlang li kenyelletsa motsoako oa mocheso o tlase, taolo ea morphology, le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea doping.