1. Selelekela

Zinc telluride (ZnTe) ke thepa ea bohlokoa ea semiconductor ea sehlopha sa II-VI e nang le sebopeho se tobileng sa bandgap. Mochesong oa kamore, bandgap ea eona e ka ba 2.26eV, 'me e fumana lits'ebetso tse pharaletseng lisebelisoa tsa optoelectronic, lisele tsa letsatsi, lisebelisoa tsa mahlaseli a kotsi le masimo a mang. Sengoloa sena se tla fana ka selelekela se qaqileng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa tlhahiso ea zinc telluride, ho kenyeletsoa karabelo ea boemo bo tiileng, lipalangoang tsa mouoane, mekhoa e thehiloeng tharollong, epitaxy ea mahlaseli a limolek'hule, jj. Mokhoa o mong le o mong o tla hlalosoa ka botlalo ho latela melao-motheo ea oona, mekhoa, melemo le mefokolo, le lintlha tsa bohlokoa.

2. Mokhoa oa Karabelo ea Boemo bo Tiileng bakeng sa Ts'ebetso ea ZnTe

2.1 Molao-motheo

Mokhoa oa karabelo ea boemo bo tiileng ke mokhoa oa setso ka ho fetisisa oa ho lokisa zinc telluride, moo zinc le tellurium tse hloekileng haholo li arabelang ka kotloloho mochesong o phahameng ho theha ZnTe:

Zn + Te → ZnTe

2.2 Tsamaiso e qaqileng

2.2.1 Tokisetso ea Lintho tse Tala

1. Khetho ea Thepa: Sebelisa li-granule tsa zinc tse hloekileng haholo le li-bumps tsa tellurium tse hloekileng ≥99.999% e le thepa ea ho qala.
2. Tlhokomelo ea pele ho thepa:
   • Kalafo ea zinki: Qala ka ho inela ka har'a hydrochloric acid e hlapolotsoeng (5%) motsotso o le mong ho tlosa li-oxide tse holim'a metsi, hlatsoa ka metsi a hloekisitsoeng, hlatsoa ka ethanol e sa hloekang, 'me qetellong u omelle ka ontong ea vacuum ho 60°C lihora tse 2.
   • Kalafo ea Tellurium: Qala ka ho inela ka metsing a metsi a hloekileng (HNO₃:HCl=1:3) metsotsoana e 30 ho tlosa li-oxide tse holim'a metsi, hlatsoa ka metsi a hloekisitsoeng ho fihlela a sa kenelle, hlatsoa ka ethanol e sa keneleng metsi, 'me qetellong u omelle ka ontong ea vacuum ho 80°C ka lihora tse 3.
3. Ho bekha: Bekha thepa e tala ka karolelano ea stoichiometric (Zn:Te=1:1). Ha ho nahanoa ka ho fetoha ha zinki mochesong o phahameng, ho ka eketsoa keketseho ea 2-3%.

2.2.2 Ho Kopanya Lintho

1. Ho Sila le ho Kopanya: Beha zinki le tellurium tse beilweng ka hara seretse sa agate ebe o sila metsotso e 30 ka lebokoseng la liatlana le tletseng argon ho fihlela li kopane ka ho lekana.
2. Ho Pelletisa: Beha phofo e tsoakiloeng ka har'a foromo ebe o e hatella hore e be li-pellet tse bophara ba 10-20mm tlas'a khatello ea 10-15MPa.

2.2.3 Tokisetso ea Sejana sa Karabelo

1. Kalafo ea Tube ea Quartz: Khetha lipeipi tsa quartz tse hloekileng haholo (bophara ba kahare ke 20-30mm, botenya ba lebota ke 2-3mm), qala ka ho inela ka aqua regia lihora tse 24, hlatsoa hantle ka metsi a hloekisitsoeng, ebe u omisa ka ontong ho 120°C.
2. Ho falla: Beha li-pellet tsa thepa e tala ka har'a tube ea quartz, hokela tsamaisong ea vacuum, ebe u li tlosa ho ≤10⁻³Pa.
3. Ho kwala: Kwala phaephe ya quartz o sebedisa lelakabe la haedrojene-oksijene, o netefatse bolelele ba ho kwala ≥50mm bakeng sa ho se kene moya.

2.2.4 Karabelo ea Mocheso o Phahameng

1. Mokhahlelo oa Pele oa ho Futhumatsa: Beha tube e koetsoeng ea quartz ka har'a ontong ea tube 'me u e futhumatse ho fihlela ho 400°C ka sekhahla sa 2-3°C/min, u e tšoare lihora tse 12 ho lumella karabelo ea pele pakeng tsa zinki le tellurium.
2. Mokhahlelo oa Bobeli oa ho Futhumatsa: Tsoela pele ho futhumatsa ho fihlela ho 950-1050°C (ka tlase ho ntlha ea ho nolofatsa ea quartz ea 1100°C) ho 1-2°C/min, u tšoare lihora tse 24-48.
3. Ho Roka ka Tube: Nakong ea mocheso o phahameng, sekamisa setofo ho 45° lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 2 'me u rōke ka makhetlo a 'maloa ho netefatsa hore li-reactant li tsoakana ka botlalo.
4. Ho Pholisa: Kamora ho qeta karabelo, pholisa butle mochesong oa kamore ho 0.5-1°C/min ho thibela ho petsoha ha sampole ka lebaka la khatello ea mocheso.

2.2.5 Tsamaiso ea Sehlahisoa

1. Ho Tlosa Sehlahisoa: Bula tube ea quartz ka lebokoseng la liatlana 'me u tlose sehlahisoa sa karabelo.
2. Ho sila: Sila sehlahisoa hape hore e be phofo ho tlosa lintho tse sa kang tsa sebetsa.
3. Ho tjhesa phofo: Kenya phofo mochesong wa 600°C tlasa sepakapaka sa argon ka dihora tse 8 ho imolla kgatello ya ka hare le ho ntlafatsa kristale.
4. Tlhaloso ea litšobotsi: Etsa XRD, SEM, EDS, jj., ho netefatsa bohloeki ba mohato le motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale.

2.3 Ntlafatso ea Liparamente tsa Ts'ebetso

1. Taolo ea Mocheso: Mocheso o motle oa karabelo ke 1000±20°C. Mocheso o tlase o ka fella ka karabelo e sa fellang, athe mocheso o phahameng o ka baka ho putlama ha zinki.
2. Taolo ea Nako: Nako ea ho tšoara e lokela ho ba lihora tse ≥24 ho netefatsa karabelo e felletseng.
3. Sekhahla sa ho Pholisa: Ho pholisa butle (0.5-1°C/min) ho hlahisa lithollo tse kholoanyane tsa kristale.

2.4 Tlhahlobo ea Melemo le Mathata

Melemo:

• Mokhoa o bonolo, litlhoko tse tlase tsa lisebelisoa
• E loketse tlhahiso ea sehlopha
• Bohloeki bo phahameng ba sehlahisoa

Mathata:

• Mocheso o phahameng oa karabelo, tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla
• Kabo ea boholo ba lijo-thollo tse sa lekanang
• E ka 'na ea e-ba le lintho tse nyenyane tse sa arajoang

3. Mokhoa oa ho Tsamaisa Mouoane bakeng sa ho Kopanya ZnTe

3.1 Molao-motheo

Mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa mouoane o sebelisa khase e tsamaisang ho tsamaisa mouoane o arabelang mochesong ho ea sebakeng se nang le mocheso o tlase bakeng sa ho o beha, ho fihlella kholo ea ZnTe ka tsela e tobileng ka ho laola maemo a mocheso. Iodine e sebelisoa hangata e le moemeli oa lipalangoang:

ZnTe(li) + I₂(g) ⇌ ZnI₂(g) + 1/2Te₂(g)

3.2 Tsamaiso e qaqileng

3.2.1 Tokisetso ea Lintho tse Tala

1. Khetho ea Lisebelisoa: Sebelisa phofo ea ZnTe e hloekileng haholo (bohloeki ≥99.999%) kapa phofo ea Zn le Te e tsoakiloeng ka mokhoa o sa fetoheng.
2. Tokisetso ea Moemeli oa Lipalangoang: Likristale tsa iodine tse hloekileng haholo (bohloeki ≥99.99%), tekanyo ea bophahamo ba tube ea karabelo ea 5-10mg/cm³.
3. Kalafo ea Tube ea Quartz: Ho tšoana le mokhoa oa karabelo ea boemo bo tiileng, empa li-tube tse telele tsa quartz (300-400mm) lia hlokahala.

3.2.2 Ho kenya Tube

1. Sebaka sa Thepa: Beha phofo ea ZnTe kapa motsoako oa Zn+Te pheletsong e 'ngoe ea tube ea quartz.
2. Ho Eketsa Iodine: Kenya likristale tsa iodine ka har'a tube ea quartz ka lebokoseng la liatlana.
3. Ho falla: Falla ho fihlela ho ≤10⁻³Pa.
4. Ho kwala: Kwala ka lelakabe la haedrojene-oksijene, ho boloka phaephe e rapame.

3.2.3 Setaele sa Gradient ea Mocheso

1. Mocheso oa Sebaka se Chesang: E ​​behiloe ho 850-900°C.
2. Mocheso oa Sebaka se Batang: E ​​behiloe ho 750-800°C.
3. Bolelele ba Sebaka sa Gradient: Hoo e ka bang 100-150mm.

3.2.4 Ts'ebetso ea Kholo

1. Mokhahlelo oa Pele: Chesa ho fihlela ho 500°C ka 3°C/min, e tšoare lihora tse 2 ho lumella karabelo ea pele pakeng tsa iodine le thepa e tala.
2. Mokhahlelo oa Bobeli: Tsoela pele ho futhumatsa mocheso o behiloeng, boloka mocheso o le boemong bo holimo, 'me u hole matsatsi a 7-14.
3. Ho Pholisa: Kamora ho qeta ho hola, pholisa mochesong oa kamore ho 1°C/min.

3.2.5 Pokello ea Lihlahisoa

1. Ho Buloa ha Tube: Bula tube ea quartz ka lebokoseng la liatlana.
2. Pokello: Bokella likristale tse le 'ngoe tsa ZnTe qetellong e batang.
3. Ho Hloekisa: Hloekisa ka ultrasonic ka ethanol e sa keneng metsi metsotso e 5 ho tlosa iodine e monyetsweng hodima metsi.

3.3 Lintlha tsa Taolo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Taolo ea Bongata ba Iodine: Khatello ea iodine e ama sekhahla sa ho tsamaisoa ha eona; sebaka se setle ke 5-8mg/cm³.
2. Sekhahla sa mocheso: Boloka sekhahla sa mocheso ka hare ho 50-100°C.
3. Nako ea Kholo: Hangata matsatsi a 7-14, ho latela boholo ba kristale bo lakatsehang.

3.4 Tlhahlobo ea Melemo le Mathata

Melemo:

• Likristale tse le 'ngoe tsa boleng bo holimo li ka fumanoa
• Boholo ba kristale bo boholo
• Bohloeki bo phahameng

Mathata:

• Mekhahlelo e telele ea kholo
• Litlhoko tse phahameng tsa lisebelisoa
• Poelo e tlase

4. Mokhoa o Thehiloeng Tharollong bakeng sa ho Kopanya ZnTe Nanomaterial Synthesis

4.1 Molao-motheo

Mekhoa e thehiloeng tharollong e laola liketso tsa pele ho tharollo ho lokisa li-nanoparticles tsa ZnTe kapa li-nanowires. Karabelo e tloaelehileng ke:

Zn²⁺ + HTe⁻ + OH⁻ → ZnTe + H₂O

4.2 Tsamaiso e qaqileng

4.2.1 Tokisetso ea Reagent

1. Mohloli oa Zinki: Zinki acetate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O), bohloeki ≥99.99%.
2. Mohloli oa Tellurium: Tellurium dioxide (TeO₂), bohloeki ≥99.99%.
3. Moemeli oa ho Fokotsa: Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), bohloeki ≥98%.
4. Dihlapolli: Metsi a se nang ion, ethylenediamine, ethanol.
5. Sesebediswa se sebetsang ka ho fetisisa: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

4.2.2 Tokisetso ea Tellurium Precursor

1. Tokisetso ea Tharollo: Qhibilihisa 0.1mmol TeO₂ ka metsing a 20ml a hloekisitsoeng.
2. Karabelo ea Phokotso: Kenya 0.5mmol NaBH₄, u hlohlelletse ka makenete metsotso e 30 ho hlahisa tharollo ea HTe⁻.
   TeO₂ + 3BH₄⁻ + 3H₂O → HTe⁻ + 3B(OH)₃ + 3H₂↑
3. Sepakapaka se Sireletsang: Boloka naetrojene e phalla hohle ho thibela ho kenoa ha oksijene.

4.2.3 Ts'ebetso ea ZnTe Nanoparticle

1. Tokisetso ea Tharollo ea Zinki: Qhibilihisa 0.1mmol zinki acetate ka har'a 30ml ethylenediamine.
2. Karabelo ea ho Kopanya: Kenya tharollo ea HTe⁻ butle-butle tharollong ea zinki, u arabe ka mocheso oa 80°C ka lihora tse 6.
3. Ho Centrifugation: Kamora karabelo, centrifuge ka lebelo la 10,000rpm metsotso e 10 ho bokella sehlahisoa.
4. Ho hlatsoa: Ho hlatsoa ka mokhoa o mong ka ethanol le metsi a hloekisitsoeng ka makhetlo a mararo.
5. Ho omisa: Omisa ka vacuum cleaner ho 60°C ka lihora tse 6.

4.2.4 Ts'ebetso ea ZnTe Nanowire

1. Ho eketsa Template: Kenya 0.2g CTAB tharollong ea zinki.
2. Karabelo ea Mocheso oa Metsi: Fetisetsa tharollo e tsoakiloeng ho autoclave ea 50ml e nang le Teflon, u arabe ho 180°C ka lihora tse 12.
3. Kamora ho Sebetsa: Ho tšoana le ka li-nanoparticles.

4.3 Ts'ebetso ea ho ntlafatsa liparamente

1. Taolo ea Mocheso: 80-90°C bakeng sa li-nanoparticles, 180-200°C bakeng sa li-nanowires.
2. Boleng ba pH: Boloka pakeng tsa 9-11.
3. Nako ea Karabelo: Lihora tse 4-6 bakeng sa li-nanoparticles, lihora tse 12-24 bakeng sa li-nanowires.

4.4 Tlhahlobo ea Melemo le Mathata

Melemo:

• Karabelo ea mocheso o tlase, e bolokang matla
• Sebopeho le boholo bo laolehang
• E loketse tlhahiso e kholo

Mathata:

• Lihlahisoa li ka 'na tsa ba le litšila
• E hloka ho sebetsoa ka mora ts'ebetso
• Boleng bo tlase ba kristale

5. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) bakeng sa Tokisetso ea Filimi e Nyenyane ea ZnTe

5.1 Molao-motheo

MBE e holisa lifilimi tse tšesaane tsa ZnTe tse nang le kristale e le 'ngoe ka ho lebisa mahlaseli a limolek'hule a Zn le Te holim'a substrate tlas'a maemo a phahameng haholo a vacuum, e laola ka nepo litekanyo tsa phallo ea mahlaseli le mocheso oa substrate.

5.2 Tsamaiso e qaqileng

5.2.1 Tokisetso ea Sistimi

1. Sistimi ea Vacuum: Vacuum ea motheo ≤1×10⁻⁸Pa.
2. Tokisetso ea Mohloli:
   • Mohloli oa zinki: 6N zinki e hloekileng haholo ka har'a sebopi sa BN.
   • Mohloli oa Tellurium: 6N tellurium e hloekileng haholo ka har'a sebopi sa PBN.
3. Tokisetso ea Substrate:
   • Karolo e sebelisoang haholo ea GaAs(100).
   • Ho hlwekisa ka tlasa mobu: Ho hlwekisa di-solvent tsa tlhaho → ho tjhesa ka asiti → ho hlatswa ka metsi a hlwekileng → ho omisa naetrojene.

5.2.2 Ts'ebetso ea Kholo

1. Ho tlosa khase e tsoang ka tlas'a substrate: Baka ka mocheso oa 200°C ka hora e le 'ngoe ho tlosa lintho tse absorbates holim'a metsi.
2. Ho Tlosa Oxide: Chesa ho fihlela ho 580°C, e tšoare metsotso e 10 ho tlosa li-oxide tse holim'a metsi.
3. Kgolo ya Lera la Buffer: Ho phodile ho fihlela ho 300°C, hola lera la buffer la 10nm ZnTe.
4. Khōlo e ka Sehloohong:
   • Mocheso oa substrate: 280-320°C.
   • Khatello e lekanang le lehlaseli la zinki: 1 × 10⁻⁶Torr.
   • Khatello e lekanang le lehlaseli la Tellurium: 2×10⁻⁶Torr.
   • Karolelano ea V/III e laoloa ho 1.5-2.0.
   • Sekhahla sa kgolo: 0.5-1μm/h.
5. Ho annealing: Kamora ho hola, annealing ho 250°C metsotso e 30.

5.2.3 Tlhokomelo ea Sebakeng

1. Tlhokomelo ea RHEED: Ho shebella ka nako ea sebele mokhoa oa ho tsosolosa bokaholimo le kholo.
2. Mass Spectrometry: Lekola matla a mahlaseli a limolek'hule.
3. Thermometer ea infrared: Taolo e nepahetseng ea mocheso oa substrate.

5.3 Lintlha tsa Taolo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Taolo ea Mocheso: Mocheso oa substrate o ama boleng ba kristale le sebopeho sa bokaholimo.
2. Karolelano ea Phallo ea Beam: Karolelano ea Te/Zn e susumetsa mefuta ea liphoso le mahloriso.
3. Sekhahla sa Kgolo: Sekhahla se tlase se ntlafatsa boleng ba kristale.

5.4 Tlhahlobo ea Melemo le Mathata

Melemo:

• Sebopeho se nepahetseng le taolo ea doping.
• Lifilimi tsa boleng bo holimo tsa kristale e le 'ngoe.
• Libaka tse bataletseng tsa athomo li ka finyelloa.

Mathata:

• Lisebelisoa tse turang.
• Sekhahla sa kgolo se liehang.
• E hloka tsebo e tsoetseng pele ea ts'ebetso.

6. Mekhoa e Meng ea ho Kopanya

6.1 Ho Tloswa ha Mouoane ka Dikhemikhale (CVD)

1. Di-precursor: Diethylzinc (DEZn) le diisopropyltelluride (DIPTe).
2. Mocheso oa Karabelo: 400-500°C.
3. Khase e tsamaisang: Naetrojene kapa haeterojene e hloekileng haholo.
4. Kgatelelo: Kgatelelo e ka sepakapakeng kapa e tlase (10-100Torr).

6.2 Mouoane oa Thermal

1. Mohloli oa Boitsebiso: Phofo ea ZnTe e hloekileng haholo.
2. Boemo ba Vacuum: ≤1×10⁻⁴Pa.
3. Mocheso oa mouoane: 1000-1100°C.
4. Mocheso oa Substrate: 200-300°C.

7. Qetello

Ho na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho kopanya zinc telluride, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le melemo le mathata a eona. Karabelo ea boemo bo tiileng e loketse ho lokisoa ha thepa e ngata, ho tsamaisoa ha mouoane ho hlahisa likristale tse le 'ngoe tsa boleng bo holimo, mekhoa ea tharollo e loketse li-nanomaterials tsa boleng bo holimo, 'me MBE e sebelisoa bakeng sa lifilimi tse tšesaane tsa boleng bo holimo. Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang li lokela ho khetha mokhoa o nepahetseng ho latela litlhoko, ka taolo e tiileng ea liparamente tsa ts'ebetso ho fumana lisebelisoa tsa ZnTe tse sebetsang hantle. Litaelo tsa nakong e tlang li kenyelletsa ho hlophisoa ha mocheso o tlase, taolo ea sebopeho, le ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea doping.