1. Selelekela

Antimony, e le tšepe ea bohlokoa e se nang ferrous, e sebelisoa haholo ho li-retant tsa mollo, li-alloy, li-semiconductor le masimo a mang. Leha ho le joalo, li-ore tsa antimony tlhahong hangata li kopana le arsenic, e leng se fellang ka arsenic e ngata ho antimony e tala e amang haholo ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa antimony. Sengoloa sena se hlahisa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho tlosa arsenic ho hloekisoeng ha antimony e tala, ho kenyeletsoa ho hloekisoa ha pyrometallurgical, ho hloekisoa ha hydrometallurgical, le ho hloekisoa ha electrolytic, ho hlalosa melao-motheo ea tsona, phallo ea ts'ebetso, maemo a ts'ebetso, le melemo/mefokolo.

2. Ho Hloekisa ka Pyrometallurgical bakeng sa ho Tloswa ha Arsenic

2.1 Mokhoa oa ho Hloekisa Alkaline

2.1.1 Molao-motheo

Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa alkaline o tlosa arsenic ho latela karabelo pakeng tsa metsoako ea arsenic le alkali tšepe ho etsa li-arsenate.
2As + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO↑
4As + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2 Phallo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Tokiso ea thepa e tala: Sila antimony e tala hore e be likaroloana tsa 5-10mm ebe u kopanya le molora oa soda (Na₂CO₃) ka karolelano ea boima ba 10:1
2. Ho qhibilihisa: Futhumatsa ka ontong e kgutlelang ho 850-950°C, e tshware dihora tse 2-3
3. Ho kenya moea o hatelletsoeng: Kenya moea o hatelletsoeng (khatello ea 0.2-0.3MPa), sekhahla sa phallo ke 2-3m³/(h·t)
4. Ho thehoa ha mashala: Eketsa tekanyo e loketseng ea saltpeter (NaNO₃) e le oxidant, tekanyo ea 3-5% ea boima ba antimoni
5. Ho tlosa mafome: Kamora ho lula metsotso e 30, tlosa mafome a holim'a metsi
6. Pheta ts'ebetso: Pheta ts'ebetso e boletsoeng ka holimo makhetlo a 2-3

2.1.3 Taolo ea Liparamente tsa Ts'ebetso

• Taolo ea mocheso: Mocheso o motle ka ho fetisisa 900±20°C
• Tekanyo ea alkali: Fetola ho latela bongata ba arsenic, hangata 8-12% ea boima ba antimony
• Nako ea ho ntša oksijene: Lihora tse 1-1.5 ka potoloho ea ho ntša oksijene

2.1.4 Bokgoni ba ho Tlosa Arsenic

E ka fokotsa sekgahla sa arsenic ho tloha ho 2-5% ho isa ho 0.1-0.3%

2.2 Mokhoa oa ho Fokotsa Phetoho ea Oxidative

2.2.1 Molao-motheo

E sebelisa tšobotsi ea hore arsenic oxide (As₂O₃) e feto-fetoha habonolo ho feta antimony oxide. As₂O₃ e fetoha mocheso ka 193°C feela, ha Sb₂O₃ e hloka 656°C.

2.2.2 Phallo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Ho qhibilihisa oksideiti: Futhumatsa ka ontong e potolohang ho fihlela ho 600-650°C ka ho kenya moya.
2. Kalafo ea khase ea flue: Khohlela 'me u fole As₂O₃ e feto-fetohang
3. Ho fokotsa ho qhibilihisa: Fokotsa thepa e setseng ho 1200°C ka coke
4. Ho ntlafatsa: Kenya molora o monyane oa soda bakeng sa ho hloekisa haholoanyane

2.2.3 Diparamitha tsa Bohlokwa

• Khatello ea oksijene: 21-28%
• Nako ea bolulo: lihora tse 4-6
• Lebelo la ho potoloha ha setofo: 0.5-1r/min

3. Ho Hloekisa ka Methapo ea Methapo bakeng sa ho Tlosa Arsenic

3.1 Mokhoa oa ho Ntša Alkali Sulfide

3.1.1 Molao-motheo

E sebelisa tšobotsi ea hore arsenic sulfide e na le ho qhibiliha ho hoholo litharollong tsa alkali sulfide ho feta antimony sulfide.
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → Ha e qhibilihe

3.1.2 Phallo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Sulfidation: Kopanya phofo ea antimony e tala le sebabole ka karolelano ea boima ba 1:0.3, ebe u e tšela ka sulfidi ho 500°C ka hora e le 'ngoe.
2. Ho dutla: Sebelisa tharollo ea 2mol/L Na₂S, karolelano ea metsi-e tiileng ea 5:1, hlohlelletsa ho 80°C lihora tse 2
3. Ho sefa: Sefa ka sehatsetsi sa sefe, masalla a na le arsenic antimony e tlase
4. Tsosoloso: Kenya H₂S ka har'a sefahla ho nchafatsa Na₂S

3.1.3 Maemo a Ts'ebetso

• Khatiso ea Na₂S: 1.5-2.5mol/L
• pH ea ho ntša metsi: 12-13
• Bokgoni ba ho ntsha metsi: Jwalo ka> 90%, tahlehelo ya Sb<5%

3.2 Mokhoa oa ho Ntša Asiti ka Oxidative

3.2.1 Molao-motheo

E sebelisa oxidation e bonolo ea arsenic maemong a asiti, e sebelisa li-oxidant tse kang FeCl₃ kapa H₂O₂ bakeng sa ho qhibiliha ka mokhoa o ikhethileng.

3.2.2 Phallo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Ho dutla ha metsi: Ka hara tharollo ya 1.5mol/L HCl, eketsa 0.5mol/L FeCl₃, karolelano ya metsi-e tiileng 8:1
2. Taolo ea bokhoni: Boloka bokhoni ba oxidation ho 400-450mV (khahlanong le SHE)
3. Karohano ea metsi a tiileng: Ho sefa ka vacuum, romela sefa ho hlaphoheloa ha arsenic
4. Ho hlatsoa: Hlatsoa masala a sefe ka makhetlo a mararo ka asiti e hlapollotsoeng ea hydrochloric

4. Mokhoa oa ho Hloekisa ka Elektrolytic

4.1 Molao-motheo

E sebelisa phapang ea matla a ho beha lintho lipakeng tsa antimony (+0.212V) le arsenic (+0.234V).

4.2 Phallo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Tokisetso ea Anode: Lahlela antimony e tala ka har'a lipoleiti tsa anode tsa 400×600×20mm
2. Sebopeho sa electrolyte: Sb³⁺ 80g/L, HCl 120g/L, sehlomathiso (gelatin) 0.5g/L
3. Maemo a electrolysis:
   • Sekhahla sa hona joale: 120-150A/m²
   • Motlakase oa sele: 0.4-0.6V
   • Mocheso: 30-35°C
   • Sebaka sa li-electrode: 100mm
4. Potoloho: Tlosa seleng matsatsi a mang le a mang a 7-10

4.3 Matšoao a Tekheniki

• Bohloeki ba antimoni ea Cathode: ≥99.85%
• Sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha arsenic: >95%
• Bokgoni ba hona joale: 85-90%

5. Theknoloji e Ncha ea ho Tlosa Arsenic

5.1 Ho qhibilihisa ka vacuum

Tlas'a vacuum ea 0.1-10Pa, e sebelisa phapang ea khatello ea mouoane (Kaha: 133Pa ho 550°C, Sb e hloka 1000°C).

5.2 Ho Oxidation ea Plasma

E sebelisa plasma ea mocheso o tlase (5000-10000K) bakeng sa oxidation e khethiloeng ea arsenic, nako e khutšoanyane ea ts'ebetso (metsotso e 10-30), le tšebeliso e tlase ea matla.

6. Papiso ea Ts'ebetso le Litlhahiso tsa Khetho

Litlhahiso tsa khetho:

• Phepo e nang le arsenic e ngata (Ka> 3%): E rata ho ntsha alkali sulfide leaching
• Arsenic e mahareng (0.5-3%): Ho hlwekisa alkaline kapa electrolysis
• Litlhoko tsa bohloeki bo phahameng ba arsenic bo tlase: Ho khothaletsoa ho hloekisa ka electrolytic

7. Qetello

Ho tlosoa ha arsenic ho antimony e tala ho hloka ho nahanoa ka botlalo ka litšobotsi tsa thepa e tala, litlhoko tsa sehlahisoa le moruo. Mekhoa ea setso ea pyrometallurgical e na le bokhoni bo boholo empa e na le khatello e kholo ea tikoloho; mekhoa ea hydrometallurgical e na le tšilafalo e fokolang empa e na le lits'ebetso tse telele; mekhoa ea electrolytic e hlahisa bohloeki bo phahameng empa e sebelisa matla a mangata. Litaelo tsa nts'etsopele ea nakong e tlang li kenyelletsa:

1. Ho hlahisa li-additives tse sebetsang hantle tsa metsoako
2. Ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tse kopaneng tsa mekhahlelo e mengata
3. Ho ntlafatsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa arsenic
4. Ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla le mesi e tsoang tšilafalong