1. Selelekela

Antimony, e le tšepe ea bohlokoa e se nang ferrous, e sebelisoa haholo ho li-flame retardants, li-alloys, li-semiconductors le masimo a mang. Leha ho le joalo, li-antimony ores ka tlhaho hangata li kopana le arsenic, e leng se etsang hore ho be le arsenic e ngata ka har'a antimony e tala e amang haholo ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa antimone. Sengoliloeng sena se hlahisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho tlosoa ha arsenic ka tlhoekiso ea antimony e tala, ho kenyeletsoa tlhoekiso ea pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical refining, le electrolytic refining, e hlalosang melao-motheo ea bona, phallo ea ts'ebetso, maemo a ts'ebetso, le melemo / melemo.

2. Pyrometallurgical Refining bakeng sa ho Tlosa Arsenic

2.1 Mokhoa oa ho Hloekisa Alkaline

2.1.1 Molao-motheo

Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa alkaline o tlosa arsenic ho latela karabelo pakeng tsa metsoako ea tšepe ea arsenic le alkali ho etsa li-arsenate. Li-equations tsa mantlha:
2As + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO↑
4As + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2 Phallo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Tokiso ea thepa e tala: Silakanya antimony e tala ka likaroloana tsa 5-10mm ebe u kopanya le molora oa soda (Na₂CO₃) ka tekanyo ea boima ba 10: 1
2. Ho qhibiliha: Ho chesa ka sebōping sa mollo ho ea ho 850-950 ° C, tšoara lihora tse 2-3.
3. Oxidation: Hlahisa moea o hatelitsoeng (khatello ea 0.2-0.3MPa), sekhahla sa phallo 2-3m³/(h·t)
4. Sebopeho sa Slag: Eketsa palo e nepahetseng ea saltpeter (NaNO₃) e le oxidant, tekanyo ea 3-5% ea boima ba antimony.
5. Ho tlosoa ha Slag: Ka mor'a ho lula metsotso e 30, tlosa slag holim'a metsi
6. Pheta ts'ebetso: Pheta ts'ebetso e ka holimo makhetlo a 2-3

2.1.3 Taolo ea Paramethara ea Ts'ebetso

• Taolo ea mocheso: Mocheso o nepahetseng oa 900±20°C
• Tekanyo ea alkali: Fetola ho latela litaba tsa arsenic, hangata 8-12% ea boima ba antimone
• Nako ea oxidation: lihora tse 1-1.5 ka potoloho ea oxidation

2.1.4 Sebetsa sa ho Tlosa Arsenic

E ka fokotsa litaba tsa arsenic ho tloha ho 2-5% ho isa ho 0.1-0.3%

2.2 Mokhoa oa Oxidative Volatilization

2.2.1 Molao-motheo

E sebelisa tšobotsi ea hore arsenic oxide (As₂O₃) e fetoha ho feta antimony oxide. As₂O₃ e futhumala ka 193°C feela, ha Sb₂O₃ e hloka 656°C.

2.2.2 Phallo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Oxidative smelting: Chesa ka sebōping sa rotary ho ea ho 600-650 ° C ka kenyelletso ea moea.
2. Phekolo ea khase ea flue: Koafatsa 'me u hlaphoheloe ke mocheso oa As₂O₃
3. Phokotso ea ho qhibilihisa: Fokotsa lintho tse setseng ho 1200 ° C ka coke
4. Ho hloekisa: Eketsa molora o monyane oa soda bakeng sa tlhoekiso e tsoelang pele

2.2.3 Lintlha tsa bohlokoa

• Khatiso ea oksijene: 21-28%
• Nako ea ho lula: lihora tse 4-6
• Lebelo la ho potoloha ha Kiln: 0.5-1r / min

3. Ho Hloekisa Hydrometallurgical bakeng sa Ho Tlosa Arsenic

3.1 Mokhoa oa ho Leaching oa Alkali Sulfide

3.1.1 Molao-motheo

E sebelisa tšobotsi ea hore arsenic sulfide e na le ho qhibiliha ho hoholo litharollong tsa alkali sulfide ho feta antimony sulfide. Maikutlo a mantlha:
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → Ha e kopane

3.1.2 Phallo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Sulfidation: Kopanya phofshoana e tala ea antimone le sebabole ka tekanyo ea boima ba 1:0.3, sulfidize ho 500 ° C bakeng sa hora e le 'ngoe.
2. Leaching: Sebelisa tharollo ea 2mol/L Na₂S, karo-karolelano ea metsi-solid 5: 1, tsosa ka 80 ° C bakeng sa lihora tse 2.
3. Filtration: Sefe se nang le mochini oa sefa, masala ke arsenic antimony concentrate
4. Nchafatso: Kenya H₂S ho filtrate ho nchafatsa Na₂S

3.1.3 Maemo a Ts'ebetso

• Khatiso ea Na₂S: 1.5-2.5mol/L
• Leaching pH: 12-13
• Katleho ea ho leaching: Joalo> 90%, tahlehelo ea Sb <5%

3.2 Mokhoa oa Leaching oa Asiti ea Oxidative

3.2.1 Molao-motheo

E sebelisa arsenic's oxidation e bonolo maemong a asiti, e sebelisa li-oxidants tse kang FeCl₃ kapa H₂O₂ bakeng sa ho qhibiliha ho khethehileng.

3.2.2 Phallo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Leaching: Ka tharollo ea 1.5mol/L HCl, eketsa 0.5mol/L FeCl₃, karo-karolelano ea metsi-solid 8:1
2. Taolo e ka bang teng: Boloka bokhoni ba oxidation ho 400-450mV (vs.SHE)
3. Karohano ea metsi a tiileng: Filtration ea vacuum, romela filtrate ho hlaphoheloa arsenic
4. Ho hlatsoa: Hlatsoa masala a filthara makhetlo a 3 ka dilute hydrochloric acid

4. Mokhoa oa ho Hloekisa oa Electrolytic

4.1 Molao-motheo

E sebelisa phapang ea bokhoni ba ho beha pakeng tsa antimony (+0.212V) le arsenic (+0.234V).

4.2 Phallo ea Ts'ebetso

1. Tokiso ea anode: Lahlela li-antimony tse tala ka har'a lipoleiti tsa anode tse 400 × 600 × 20mm
2. Motsoako oa electrolyte: Sb³⁺ 80g/L, HCl 120g/L, motsoako (gelatin) 0.5g/L
3. Maemo a electrolysis:
   • Boima ba hajoale: 120-150A/m²
   • Matla a sele: 0.4-0.6V
   • Mocheso: 30-35°C
   • Sebaka sa elektrode: 100mm
4. Cycle: Tlosa seleng ka mor'a matsatsi a 7-10

4.3 Lipontšo tsa Setsebi

• Ho hloeka ha antimone ea cathode: ≥99.85%
• Sekhahla sa ho tlosa Arsenic:> 95%
• Ts'ebetso ea hajoale: 85-90%

5. Mekhoa e Hlahang ea ho Tlosa Arsenic

5.1 Vacuum Disstillation

Tlas'a vacuum ea 0.1-10Pa, e sebelisa phapang ea khatello ea mouoane (Joalo ka: 133Pa ho 550°C, Sb e hloka 1000°C).

5.2 Plasma Oxidation

E sebelisa plasma e tlaase ea mocheso (5000-10000K) bakeng sa ho khetha arsenic oxidation, nako e khutšoanyane ea ho sebetsa (10-30min), tšebeliso e tlaase ea matla.

6. Litlhahiso tsa Papiso ea Ts'ebetso le Khetho

Litlhahiso tsa khetho:

• Lijo tse nang le arsenic e ngata (Ka ho feta 3%): Khetha alkali sulfide leaching
• Arsenic e bohareng (0.5-3%): Ho hloekisa alkaline kapa electrolysis
• Litlhoko tsa bohloeki bo phahameng ba arsenic: Electrolytic refining e khothalelitsoe

7. Qetello

Ho tlosoa ha arsenic ho li-antimony tse tala ho hloka hore ho nahanoe ka botlalo litšobotsi tsa thepa e tala, litlhoko tsa sehlahisoa le moruo. Mekhoa ea setso ea pyrometallurgical e na le matla a maholo empa khatello e kholo ea tikoloho; mekhoa ea hydrometallurgical e na le tšilafalo e fokolang empa mekhoa e telele; mekhoa ea electrolytic e hlahisa bohloeki bo phahameng empa e sebelisa matla a mangata. Litaelo tsa ntlafatso ea nako e tlang li kenyelletsa:

1. Ho hlahisa li-additives tse sebetsang hantle
2. Ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tse kopaneng tsa mekhahlelo e mengata
3. Ho ntlafatsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa arsenic
4. Ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla le tlhahiso ea tšilafalo