Selenium, e le thepa ea bohlokoa ea semiconductor le lihlahisoa tse tala tsa indasteri, e na le ts'ebetso ea eona e amehang ka ho toba ke bohloeki ba eona. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhoekiso ea vacuum distillation, litšila tsa oksijene ke e 'ngoe ea lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse susumetsang bohloeki ba selenium. Sengoliloeng sena se fana ka puisano e qaqileng ea mekhoa le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho fokotsa litaba tsa oksijene nakong ea tlhoekiso ea selenium ka vacuum distillation.

I. Ho Fokotsa Likahare Tsa Oksijene Sebakeng sa Raw Material Pretreatment Stage

1. Tlhoekiso ea Pele ea Lintho tse Raw

Selenium e tala hangata e na le litšila tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le li-oxide. Pele o kena ka "vacuum distillation system", mekhoa ea ho hloekisa lik'hemik'hale e lokela ho sebelisoa ho tlosa li-oxide tse holim'a metsi. Litharollo tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa:

• Hlakola tharollo ea hydrochloric acid (5-10% ea mahloriso): E qhaqha li-oxide tse kang SeO₂
• Ethanol kapa acetone: E sebelisoa ho tlosa litšila tsa tlhaho
• Metsi a senyehileng: Lirinse tse ngata ho tlosa asiti e setseng

Ka mor'a ho hloekisa, ho omisa ho lokela ho etsoa tlas'a khase ea inert (mohlala, Ar kapa N₂) sepakapaka ho thibela ho tsosolosoa ha oxidation.

2. Phekolo ea Phokotso ea Pele ho Lintho tse Raw

Kalafo ea phokotso ea thepa e tala pele ho kolobisoa ka vacuum e ka fokotsa haholo litaba tsa oksijene:

• Phokotso ea Hydrogen: Hlahisa hydrogen e hloekileng (bohloeki ≥99.999%) ho 200-300 ° C ho fokotsa SeO₂ ho elemental selenium.
• Phokotso ea lik'hemik'hale: Kopanya lisebelisoa tse tala tsa selenium le phofo ea carbon e hloekileng le mocheso ho 400-500 ° C tlas'a sepakapaka kapa sepakapaka se se nang metsi, ho susumetsa karabelo C + SeO₂ → Se + CO₂
• Phokotso ea sulfide: Likhase tse kang H₂S li ka fokotsa selenium oxides ka mocheso o batlang o le tlase.

II. Moralo le Ntlafatso ea Ts'ebetso ea Sisteme ea Vacuum Distillation

1. Khetho le Tlhophiso ea Sisteme ea Vacuum

Tikoloho e phahameng ea vacuum e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fokotsa litaba tsa oksijene:

• Sebelisa pompo ea phallo + motsoako oa pompo ea mochini, e nang le vacuum e fihlang bonyane 10⁻⁴ Pa.
• Sistimi e lokela ho ba le sefi se batang ho thibela ho ata ha mouoane oa oli ka morao
• Likhokahano tsohle li lokela ho sebelisa litiiso tsa tšepe ho qoba ho tsoa ho litiiso tsa rabara
• Sistimi e lokela ho hlatsuoa ka mokhoa o lekaneng oa ho baka (200-250 ° C, lihora tse 12-24)

2. Taolo e Nepahetseng ea Mocheso oa Distillation le Khatello

Motsoako o nepahetseng oa parameter ea ts'ebetso:

• Thempereichara ea distillation: E laoloa ka har'a mocheso oa 220-280 ° C (ka tlase ho ntlha e belang ea selenium ea 685 ° C)
• Khatello ea tsamaiso: E bolokiloe pakeng tsa 1-10 Pa
• Sekhahla sa mocheso: 5-10°C/min ho qoba moea o matla oa moea le ho koaheloa
• Mocheso oa sebaka sa condensation: E bolokiloe ho 50-80 ° C ho netefatsa hore selenium condensation e feletseng

3. Theknoloji ea Multi-Stage Distillation

Multi-stage distillation e ka fokotsa oksijene butle-butle:

• Mokhahlelo oa pele: Ho tšeloa ka thata ho tlosa litšila tse ngata
• Mohato oa bobeli: Taolo e nepahetseng ea mocheso ho bokella karoloana e kholo
• Mothati oa boraro: Mocheso o tlase, o liehang ho hlapa metsi ho fumana sehlahisoa se hloekileng haholo
  Lithempereichara tse fapaneng tsa condensation li ka sebelisoa lipakeng tsa methati bakeng sa phokotso ea karoloana

III. Mehato ea Ts'ebetso e Thusang

1. Theknoloji ea Tšireletso ea Khase ea Inert

Le hoja e sebetsa ka tlas'a vacuum, kenyelletso e nepahetseng ea khase ea inert e hloekileng e thusa ho fokotsa oksijene:

• Ka mor'a ho tlosa tsamaiso, tlatsa argon ea bohloeki bo phahameng (bohloeki ≥99.9995%) ho 1000 Pa.
• Sebelisa ts'ireletso e matla ea phallo ea khase, u tsoele pele ho hlahisa argon e nyane (10-20 sccm)
• Kenya lintho tse hloekisang khase tse sebetsang hantle haholo litsing tsa khase ho tlosa oksijene le mongobo o setseng

2. Ho eketsoa ha Oxygen Scavengers

Ho kenyelletsa li-scavenger tse nepahetseng tsa oksijene linthong tse tala ho ka fokotsa litaba tsa oksijene ka nepo:

• Magnesium metal: Kamano e matla ea oksijene, e etsa MgO
• Aluminium phofo: E ka tlosa oksijene le sebabole ka nako e le 'ngoe
• Litšepe tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše: joalo ka Y, La, joalo-joalo, tse nang le litlamorao tse ntle tsa ho tlosa oksijene
  Palo ea mokelikeli oa oksijene hangata ke 0.1-0.5 wt% ea thepa e tala; tekanyo e feteletseng e ka ama bohloeki ba selenium

3. Theknoloji ea ho Filtration e qhibilihisitsoeng

Ho sefa selenium e qhibilihisitsoeng pele ho distillation:

• Sebelisa lifilthara tsa quartz kapa tsa ceramic tse nang le boholo ba pore ea 1-5 μm
• Laola mocheso oa ho hloekisa ho 220-250 ° C
• E ka tlosa likaroloana tse tiileng tsa oxide
• Lisefe li lokela ho ntšoa pele ka tlas'a vacuum e phahameng

IV. Ka mor'a Kalafo le Polokelo

1. Pokello ea Lihlahisoa le Ts'ebetso

• Mokokelli oa condenser o lokela ho etsoa e le mohaho o ka tlosoang bakeng sa ho khutlisa thepa habonolo sebakeng se sa sebetseng
• Li-ingots tsa selenium tse bokelletsoeng li lokela ho kenngoa ka lebokoseng la li-glove tsa argon
• Etching ea bokaholimo e ka etsoa ha ho hlokahala ho tlosa likarolo tse ka bang teng tsa oxide

2. Storage Condition Control

• Sebaka sa polokelo se lokela ho bolokoa se omme (phoka ≤-60°C)
• Sebelisa sephutheloana se tiisitsoeng se nang le mekhahlelo e 'meli se tlatsitsoeng ka khase ea inert e hloekileng haholo
• Mocheso o khothaletsoang oa polokelo o ka tlase ho 20°C
• Qoba ho pepesehela khanya ho thibela tšebetso ea photocatalytic oxidation

V. Taolo ea Boleng le Teko

1. Online Monitoring Technology

• Kenya li-residual gas analyzers (RGA) ho lekola khatello ea karolo ea oksijene ka nako ea nnete
• Sebelisa lisensara tsa oksijene ho laola boemo ba oksijene ka har'a likhase tse sireletsang
• Sebelisa spectroscopy ea infrared ho khetholla litlhōrō tsa ho monya ha li-bond tsa Se-O

2. Tlhahlobo e Feletseng ea Lihlahisoa

• Sebelisa mokhoa oa ho monya oa infrared gas fusion-infrared ho fumana hore na oksijene e kae
• Second ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) ho hlahloba kabo ea oksijene
• X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ho lemoha maemo a lik'hemik'hale a holim'a metsi

Ka mehato e felletseng e hlalositsoeng kaholimo, litaba tsa oksijene li ka laoloa ka tlase ho 1 ppm nakong ea tlhoekiso ea vacuum distillation ea selenium, ho fihlela litlhoko tsa ts'ebeliso ea selenium ea bohloeki bo phahameng. Tlhahisong ea 'nete, litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso li lokela ho ntlafatsoa ho ipapisitsoe le maemo a lisebelisoa le litlhoko tsa sehlahisoa, mme ho tlameha ho thehoe sistimi e tiileng ea taolo ea boleng.