Mehato le li-parameter tsa Cadmium

I. Raw Material Pretreatment le Primary Hloekiso

1. "Bohloeki bo phahameng ba Cadmium Feedstock Tokisetso"

• "Ho hlatsoa Asiti: Kenya li-ingots tsa cadmium tsa boemo ba indasteri ka 5% -10% ea nitric acid solution ka 40-60 ° C bakeng sa lihora tse 1-2 ho tlosa li-oxide tse holim'a metsi le litšila tsa tšepe. Hlatsoa ka metsi a hloekisitsoeng ho fihlela pH e sa nke lehlakore 'me vacuum e omme.
• "Hydrometallurgical Leaching: Tšoara litšila tse nang le cadmium (mohlala, koporo-cadmium slag) ka sulfuric acid (15-20% concentration) ka 80-90 ° C bakeng sa lihora tse 4-6, ho finyella ≥95% cadmium leaching e sebetsang hantle. Sefa 'me u kenye phofo ea zinc (1.2-1.5 times stoichiometric ratio) bakeng sa ho falla ho fumana seponche cadmium

1. "Ho qhibiliha le ho Lahlela"

• Laela seponche sa cadmium ka har'a li-crucible tsa graphite tse hloekileng haholo, qhibiliha tlas'a argon atmosphere ho 320-350 ° C, 'me u tšele ka har'a hlobo ea graphite bakeng sa ho phomola butle. Etsa li-ingots tse nang le boima ba 'mele ≥8.65 g/cm³

II. Tlhoekiso ea Libaka

1. "Thepa le Paramethara"

• Sebelisa libōpi tse phaphametseng tse phaphametseng tse nang le bophara ba sebaka se qhibilihisitsoeng sa 5-8 mm, lebelo la ho haola la 3-5 mm/h, le 8-12 ea ho hloekisa. Mocheso oa mocheso: 50-80 ° C / cm; vacuum ≤10⁻³ Pa
• "Karohano ya Ditshila+ Tlosa karolo ea ho qetela ea 15-20% e nang le litšila tse ngata, ho finyella bohloeki ba bohareng ≥99.999%

1. "Litaolo tsa Key"

• Mocheso oa libaka tse qhibilihisitsoeng: 400-450 ° C (ka holim'a sebaka se qhibilihang sa cadmium sa 321 ° C);
• Sekhahla sa ho pholisa: 0.5-1.5 ° C / min ho fokotsa mefokolo ea lattice;
• Sekhahla sa phallo ea Argon: 10-15 L / min ho thibela oxidation

III. Ho hloekisoa ha Electrolytic

1. "Tlhahiso ea Electrolyte"

• Sebopeho sa electrolyte: Cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄, 80-120 g/L) le sulfuric acid (pH 2-3), e nang le 0.01-0.05 g/L gelatin e ekelitsoeng ho matlafatsa letsoalo la cathode deposit.

1. "Mekhoa ea Ts'ebetso"

• Anode: poleiti ea cadmium e sa jeleng paate; Cathode: Letlapa la Titanium;
• Boima ba hona joale: 80-120 A/m²; Matla a sele: 2.0-2.5 V;
• Mocheso oa motlakase: 30-40 ° C; Nako: lihora tse 48-72; Bohloeki ba cathode ≥99.99%.

IV. Phokotso ea Phokotso ea Vacuum Distillation

1. "Phokotso e Phahameng ea Mocheso le Karohano"

• Beha li-ingots tsa cadmium ka seboping sa vacuum (khatello ≤10⁻² Pa), kenya hydrogen e le ntho e fokotsang, le mocheso ho 800-1000 ° C ho fokotsa cadmium oxides ho cadmium ea gaseous. Mocheso oa condenser: 200-250 ° C; Bohloeki ba ho qetela ≥99.9995%

1. "Katleho ea ho Tlosa Litšila"

• Masala a loto, koporo le litšila tse ling tsa tšepe ≤0.1 ppm;
• Likahare tsa oksijene ≤5 ppm

V. Czochralski Khōlo ea Crystal e le Mong

1. "Taolo ea Qhibiliha le Tokiso ea Crystal ea Peo"

• Laela li-ingots tsa cadmium tse hloekileng haholo ka har'a li-crucible tsa quartz tse hloekileng, tse qhibilihang ka tlas'a argon ho 340-360 ° C. Sebelisa peo ea <100>-oriented single-crystal cadmium (diameter 5-8 mm), e kenngoe pele ho 800 ° C ho felisa khatello ea kelello ea ka hare.

1. "Crystal Pulling Parameters"

• Lebelo la ho hula: 1.0-1.5 mm / min (sethaleng sa pele), 0.3-0.5 mm / min (khōlo e tsitsitseng ea boemo);
• Potoloho ea crucible: 5-10 rpm (counter-rotation);
• Mocheso oa mocheso: 2-5 ° C / mm; Ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso oa sebopeho sa mokelikeli o tiileng ≤±0.5°C

1. "Mekhoa ea ho Fokotsa Sekoli"

• "Thuso ea Tšimo ea Magnetic: Sebelisa 0.2-0.5 T axial magnetic field ho hatella moferefere oa ho qhibiliha le ho fokotsa mekhoa ea ho se hloeke;
• "Pholiso e Laolehileng: Sekhahla sa ho pholisa ka mor'a kholo ea 10-20 ° C / h se fokotsa bofokoli bo bakoang ke khatello ea mocheso.

VI. Ka mor'a Ts'ebetso le Taolo ea Boleng

1. "Mochini oa Crystal"

• "Ho poma: Sebelisa lisakha tsa terata ea daemane ho arola liphaephe tse 0.5-1.0 mm ka lebelo la terata la 20-30 m/s;
• "Ho benya: Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) le nitric acid-ethanol motsoako (1: 5 vol. ratio), ho finyella bokaholimo ba Ra ≤0.5 nm.

1. "Maemo a Boleng"

• "Bohloeki: GDMS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) e tiisa Fe, Cu, Pb ≤0.1 ppm;
• "Ho hanyetsa‌: ≤5×10⁻⁸ Ω·m (hloeko ≥99.9999%);
• "Mokhoa oa Crystallographic: Ho kheloha <0.5°; Boima ba sebaka ≤10³/cm²

VII. Litaelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Ts'ebetso

1. "Ho Tlosa Tšilafalo e Lebeletsoeng"

• Sebelisa li-resin tsa ion-exchange bakeng sa adsorption e khethiloeng ea Cu, Fe, joalo-joalo, e kopantsoe le ntlafatso ea libaka tse ngata ho finyella bohloeki ba 6N-grade (99.9999%)

1. "Lintlafatso tsa Automation"

• Li-algorithms tsa AI li fetola ka matla lebelo la ho hula, likhahla tsa mocheso, joalo-joalo, ho eketsa chai ho tloha ho 85% ho ea ho 93%;
• Eketsa boholo ba crucible ho isa ho 36 inches, e nolofalletsang lijo-thollo tse le 'ngoe tsa 2800 kg, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ho 80 kWh/kg.

1. "Moshoelella le Pholiso ea Mohloli"

• Hlahisa litšila tsa ho hlatsoa asiti ka phapanyetsano ea ion (Cd recovery ≥99.5%);
• Tšoara likhase tsa mouoane ka adsorption ea khabone e kentsoeng + alkaline scrubbing (Cd vapor recovery ≥98%)

Kakaretso

Ts'ebetso ea kholo ea kristale ea cadmium le ts'ebetso ea tlhoekiso e kopanya hydrometallurgy, ho hloekisoa ha 'mele ka mocheso o phahameng, le theknoloji e nepahetseng ea kholo ea kristale. Ka acid leaching, zone refining, electrolysis, vacuum distillation, le kholo ea Czochralski-hammoho le automation le eco-friendly practices-e nolofalletsa tlhahiso e tsitsitseng ea 6N-grade ultra-high-purity cadmium single crystals. Tsena li kopana le litlhoko tsa lisebelisoa tsa nyutlelie, lisebelisoa tsa photovoltaic, le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa semiconductor. Tsoelo-pele ea nako e tlang e tla shebana le kholo e kholo ea kristale, karohano ea litšila tse lebisitsoeng, le tlhahiso ea khabone e tlase.