Ho hlwekisa selenium e hlwekileng haholo (≥99.999%) ho kenyelletsa motswako wa mekgwa ya mmele le ya dikhemikhale ho tlosa ditshila tse kang Te, Pb, Fe, le As. Ditshebetso le diparamente tsa bohlokwa ke tsena:
1. Ho qhibilihisa ka vacuum
Phallo ea Ts'ebetso:
1. Beha selenium e tala (≥99.9%) ka har'a sebopi sa quartz ka har'a ontong ea vacuum distillation.
2. Chesa ho fihlela ho 300-500°C tlas'a vacuum cleaner (1-100 Pa) metsotso e 60-180.
3. Mouoane oa selenium o kokomoha ka har'a condenser ea mekhahlelo e 'meli (mohato o ka tlase o nang le likaroloana tsa Pb/Cu, mohato o ka holimo oa pokello ea selenium).
4. Bokella selenium ho tsoa ho condenser e kaholimo; 碲(Te) le litšila tse ling tse belang haholo li sala mohatong o ka tlase.
Liparamente:
- Mocheso: 300-500°C
- Khatello: 1-100 Pa
- Thepa ea Condenser: Quartz kapa tšepe e sa hloekang.
2. Tlhoekiso ea Lik'hemik'hale + Ho Hloekisa ka Vacuum
Phallo ea Ts'ebetso:
1. Ho Chesoa ha Oxidation: Selenium e tala e arabelang (99.9%) ka O₂ ho 500°C ho theha likhase tsa SeO₂ le TeO₂.
2. Ho Ntša Solvent: Qhibilihisa SeO₂ ka tharollong ea ethanol-metsi, sefa TeO₂ precipitate.
3. Phokotso: Sebelisa hydrazine (N₂H₄) ho fokotsa SeO₂ ho selenium ea motheo.
4. De-Te e tebileng: Oxidize selenium hape ho SeO₄²⁻, ebe o ntsha Te o sebedisa ho ntsha solvent.
5. Ho Hloekisa ka Vacuum ea ho Qetela: Hloekisa selenium ho 300-500°C le 1-100 Pa ho fihlela bohloeki ba 6N (99.9999%).
Liparamente:
- Mocheso oa oxidation: 500°C
- Tekanyo ea Hydrazine: E feteletseng ho netefatsa phokotso e felletseng.
3. Tlhoekiso ea Elektrolytic
Phallo ea Ts'ebetso:
1. Sebelisa electrolyte (mohlala, selenous acid) e nang le boima ba hona joale ba 5-10 A/dm².
2. Selenium e dula hodima cathode, ha di-oxide tsa selenium di ntse di fetoha ka hara anode.
Liparamente:
- Sekhahla sa hona joale: 5-10 A/dm²
- Electrolyte: Selenous acid kapa tharollo ea selenate.
4. Ho Ntša Solvent
Phallo ea Ts'ebetso:
1. Ntša Se⁴⁺ ho tsoa tharollong u sebelisa TBP (tributyl phosphate) kapa TOA (trioctylamine) ka har'a hydrochloric kapa sulfuric acid media.
2. Hlobolla selenium 'me u e qhibilihise, ebe u e boeletsa hape.
Liparamente:
- Setlolo: TBP (HCl medium) kapa TOA (H₂SO₄ medium)
- Palo ea mekhahlelo: 2-3.
5. Ho Qhibiliha ha Sebaka
Phallo ea Ts'ebetso:
1. Di-ingot tsa selenium tse qhibilihang ka libaka tse sa tšoaneng khafetsa ho tlosa litšila tse sa reng letho.
2. E loketse ho fihlela bohloeki ba >5N ho tsoa ho thepa ea ho qala e hloekileng haholo.
Ela Hloko: E hloka disebediswa tse ikgethang mme e hloka matla a mangata.
Tlhahiso ea Setšoantšo
Bakeng sa tšupiso e bonahalang, sheba lipalo tse latelang tse tsoang libukeng:
- Setaele sa ho Hlatsoa ka Vacuum: Sekema sa sistimi ya condenser ya mekhahlelo e mmedi.
- Setshwantsho sa Mokgahlelo wa Se-Te: Se bontsha diphephetso tsa karohano ka lebaka la dintlha tse bataletseng.
Litšupiso
- Mekhoa ea ho qhibilihisa ka vacuum le lik'hemik'hale:
- Ho ntšoa ha electrolytic le solvent:
- Mekhoa le liphephetso tse tsoetseng pele:
Nako ea poso: Hlakubele-21-2025