Kholo le Tlhoekiso ea kristale ea 7N Tellurium
I. Tlhokomelo ea pele ho thepa e tala le tlhoekiso ea pele ho nako
- Khetho ea Lisebelisoa tse Tala le ho Silakanya
- Litlhoko tsa Thepa: Sebelisa tellurium ore kapa anode slime (kahare ho Te ≥5%), haholo-holo slime ea anode e qhibilihisang koporo (e nang le Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) e le thepa e tala.
- Mokhoa oa Pele ho Kalafo:
- Ho sila ho hoholo ho isa boholo ba dikarolwana ≤5mm, ho latelwe ke ho sila bolo ho isa ho ≤200 letlooeng;
- Karohano ea makenete (matla a matla a makenete ≥0.8T) ho tlosa Fe, Ni, le litšila tse ling tsa makenete;
- Ho phaphamala ha leforo (pH=8-9, di-xanthate collectors) ho arola SiO₂, CuO, le ditshila tse ding tse seng tsa makenete.
- Mehato ya tlhokomeloQoba ho kenya mongobo nakong ea kalafo e metsi pele ho nako (e hloka ho omisoa pele e besoa); laola mongobo o tikolohong ≤30%.
- Ho besa le ho ntsha oksijene ka hara pyrometallurgical
- Liparamente tsa Ts'ebetso:
- Mocheso oa ho besa ka oxidation: 350–600°C (taolo e hlophisitsoeng: mocheso o tlase bakeng sa ho tlosa sulfurization, mocheso o phahameng bakeng sa oxidation);
- Nako ea ho besa: lihora tse 6-8, ka sekhahla sa phallo ea O₂ sa 5-10 L/min;
- Sesebediswa: Asiti e tiileng ya sulfuric (98% H₂SO₄), karolelano ya boima Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5.
- Karabelo ea Lik'hemik'hale:
Cu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2OCu2Te+2O2+2H2 SO4→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2O - Mehato ya tlhokomelo: Taolo ea mocheso ≤600°C ho thibela ho fetoha ha TeO₂ (ntlha ea ho belisa 387°C); phekola khase ea mosi ka li-scrubbers tsa NaOH.
II. Ho hlwekisa ka motlakase le ho ntsha vacuum distillation
- Ho ntlafatsa motlakase
- Sistimi ea Electrolyte:
- Sebopeho sa electrolyte: H₂SO₄ (80–120g/L), TeO₂ (40–60g/L), sehlomathiso (gelatin 0.1–0.3g/L);
- Taolo ea mocheso: 30–40°C, sekhahla sa phallo ea mali ke 1.5–2 m³/h.
- Liparamente tsa Ts'ebetso:
- Sekhahla sa hona joale: 100–150 A/m², motlakase oa sele 0.2–0.4V;
- Sebaka sa dielektrode: 80–120mm, botenya ba cathode deposition 2–3mm/8h;
- Bokgoni ba ho tlosa litšila: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
- Mehato ya tlhokomelo: Sefa electrolyte khafetsa (ho nepahala ≤1μm); bentša libaka tsa anode ka mokhoa oa mechine ho thibela ho sisinyeha.
- Ho qhibilihisa ka vacuum
- Liparamente tsa Ts'ebetso:
- Boemo ba vacuum: ≤1×10⁻²Pa, mocheso oa ho qhibilihisa 600–650°C;
- Mocheso oa sebaka sa condenser: 200–250°C, Bokhoni ba ho kolobisa mouoane oa Te ≥95%;
- Nako ea ho qhibilihisa: 8–12h, bokhoni ba sehlopha se le seng ≤50kg.
- Kabo ea Litšila: Litšila tse belang hanyane (Se, S) lia bokellana ka pele ho condenser; litšila tse belang haholo (Pb, Ag) lia sala masala.
- Mehato ya tlhokomelo: Sistimi ea vacuum ea pele ho pompo ho ≤5×10⁻³Pa pele e futhumatsoa ho thibela Te oxidation.
III. Khōlo ea kristale (Ho Hlahisa kristale ka Tsela e Latelang)
- Tlhophiso ea Lisebelisoa
- Mehlala ea Sebōpi sa Kholo ea Crystal: TDR-70A/B (bokgoni ba 30kg) kapa TRDL-800 (bokgoni ba 60kg);
- Thepa e ka tjhesetswang: Graphite e hlwekileng haholo (dikahare tsa molora ≤5ppm), boholo ba Φ300×400mm;
- Mokhoa oa ho futhumatsa: Ho futhumatsa ho hanyetsang graphite, mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa 1200°C.
- Liparamente tsa Ts'ebetso
- Taolo ea ho Qhibiliha:
- Mocheso oa ho qhibiliha: 500–520°C, botebo ba letamo la ho qhibiliha 80–120mm;
- Khase e sireletsang: Ar (bohloeki ≥99.999%), sekhahla sa phallo ke 10–15 L/min.
- Liparamente tsa kristale:
- Sekhahla sa ho hula: 1–3mm/h, lebelo la ho potoloha ha kristale ke 8–12rpm;
- Phapang ea mocheso: Axial 30–50°C/cm, radial ≤10°C/cm;
- Mokhoa oa ho pholisa: Motheo oa koporo o pholisitsoeng ka metsi (mocheso oa metsi 20–25°C), pholiso ea mahlaseli a holimo.
- Taolo ea Litšila
- Phello ea KarohanoLitšila tse kang Fe, Ni (coefficient ea karohano <0.1) li bokellana meeling ea lijo-thollo;
- Lipotoloho tsa ho Qhibilihisa: lipotoloho tse 3–5, litšila tsohle tsa ho qetela ≤0.1ppm.
- Mehato ya tlhokomelo:
- Koahela bokaholimo bo qhibilihang ka lipoleiti tsa graphite ho thibela ho fetoha ha Te (sekhahla sa tahlehelo ≤0.5%);
- Lekola bophara ba kristale ka nako ea sebele u sebelisa li-gauge tsa laser (ho nepahala ± 0.1mm);
- Qoba ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso >±2°C ho thibela keketseho ea bongata ba ho falla ha sebaka (sepheo ≤10³/cm²).
IV. Tlhahlobo ea Boleng le Methati ea Bohlokoa
| Ntho ea Teko | Boleng bo Tloaelehileng | Mokhoa oa Teko | Mohloli |
| Bohloeki | ≥99.99999% (7N) | ICP-MS | |
| Litšila tsohle tsa tšepe | ≤0.1ppm | GD-MS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) | |
| Dikahare tsa Oksijene | ≤5ppm | Ho Monya Khase e sa Keneng Fusion-IR | |
| Botšepehi ba Kristale | Botenya ba ho sekama ha sebaka ≤10³/cm² | Sebaka sa X-ray | |
| Ho hanyetsa (300K) | 0.1–0.3Ω·cm | Mokhoa oa ho Hlahloba ka Metso e Mene |
V. Melaoana ea Tikoloho le Polokeho
- Kalafo ea Khase ea ho Futhumatsa Mosi:
- Mosi o besang: Fokotsa SO₂ le SeO₂ ka di-scrubbers tsa NaOH (pH≥10);
- Mosi o ntshang mosi ka vacuum: Ho qhibilihisa le ho kgutlisa mouoane wa Te; dikgase tse setseng tse monngwang ka khabone e butsweng.
- Ho Sebelisa Botjha ha Makhoba:
- Anode slime (e nang le Ag, Au): E hlaphoheloa ka hydrometallurgy (tsamaiso ea H₂SO₄-HCl);
- Masalla a electrolysis (a nang le Pb, Cu): Khutlela lits'ebetsong tsa ho qhibilihisa koporo.
- Mehato ea Polokeho:
- Basebetsi ba tlameha ho roala limaske tsa khase (Mouoane oa Te o chefo); ho boloka moea o kenang ka khatello e mpe (sekhahla sa phapanyetsano ea moea ≥10 cycles/h).
Litataiso tsa Ntlafatso ea Ts'ebetso
- Ho Ikamahanya le Lintho Tse Tala: Fetola mocheso oa ho besa le karolelano ea asiti ka mokhoa o feto-fetohang ho latela mehloli ea slime ea anode (mohlala, ho qhibilihisa koporo khahlanong le loto);
- Ho Bapisa Sekhahla sa ho Hula ha Kristale: Fetola lebelo la ho hula ho latela convection e qhibilihisitsoeng (nomoro ea Reynolds Re≥2000) ho thibela ho pholisa ha motlakase ka mokhoa oa motheo;
- Tshebetso e Botle ea Matla: Sebelisa ho futhumatsa sebaka sa mocheso o habeli (sebaka se seholo sa 500°C, sebaka se senyenyane sa 400°C) ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla a ho hanyetsa graphite ka 30%.
Nako ea poso: Hlakubele-24-2025